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Guide des droits et des démarches administratives
Transmission d'entreprise : réaliser un diagnostic
Fiche pratique
Diagnostiquer l'entreprise consiste à réaliser un état des lieux approfondi de l'entreprise (activité, ressources, clients, stratégie). Identifier les forces et les faiblesses de l'entreprise permettra de faciliter les conditions de sa transmission. Une connaissance claire et détaillée de l'entreprise est nécessaire pour démontrer au repreneur qu'il peut établir un business plan réaliste, viable et présentable à un organisme financier.
Un diagnostic complet de l'entreprise nécessite la collecte d'un maximum d'informations. Ce diagnostic doit s'appuyer, tout au moins, sur les documents suivants.
Documents juridiques
Extrait Kbis ou justificatif d'immatriculation au RNE : il est facilement accessible dans l'Annuaire des entreprises
Statuts de la société : les statuts précisent l'objet social, la durée de la société, le lieu du siège social, la répartition du capital, les conditions d'agrément d'un nouvel actionnaire, etc.
Procès-verbal de la dernière assemblée générale
Bail commercial : le bail indique les activités permises par le bail commercial et son échéance
Contrats divers : conditions générales de ventes, contrats de travail, contrats commerciaux, licences d'exploitation, etc.
Documents comptables et financiers
Bilans des 3 derniers exercices
Comptes de résultats des 3 derniers exercices
Annexes comptables des 3 derniers exercices
Analyse détaillée du chiffre d'affaires
Relevés de comptes bancaires de l'entreprise
Échéanciers : paiement de fournisseurs et charges sociales
État du matériel : dates d'acquisition, tableau d'amortissement
Documents juridiques
Extrait K, justificatif d'immatriculation au RNE : il est facilement accessible dans l'Annuaire des entreprises
Bail commercial : le bail indique les activités permises par le bail commercial et son échéance
Contrats divers : conditions générales de ventes, contrats de travail, contrats commerciaux, licences d'exploitation, etc.
Documents comptables et financiers
Bilans des 3 derniers exercices
Comptes de résultats des 3 derniers exercices
Annexes comptables des 3 derniers exercices
Analyse détaillée du chiffre d'affaires
Relevés de comptes bancaires de l'entreprise
Échéanciers : paiement de fournisseurs et charges sociales
État du matériel : dates d'acquisition, tableau d'amortissement
Sur la base des documents rassemblés, le diagnostic global de l'entreprise consiste à réaliser plusieurs diagnostics portant sur l'ensemble de la société :
Diagnostic de son activité : il s'agit de jauger les opportunités et les risques liés au marché sur lequel évolue l'entreprise, d'identifier ses concurrents et d'évaluer sa compétitivité. En pratique, ce seul diagnostic peut s'avérer déterminant dans le choix du repreneur de l'entreprise.
Diagnostic des moyens : il s'agit d'analyser l'immobilier, le matériel, les installations, les équipements, les brevets et les stocks dont dispose l'entreprise pour exercer son activité. Il faut également s'intéresser à l'organisation de l'entreprise : qui assure la gestion, la production et la vente ?
Diagnostic juridique : il s'agit de rappeler la réglementation de l'activité en vigueur (conditions d'exercice, normes, label). Il faut aussi lister les obligations contractuelles de l'entreprise (location, assurance, crédit en cours, etc.). Ces éléments seront transférés automatiquement au moment de la reprise.
Diagnostic qualité, sécurité, environnement : il s'agit de s'assurer que l'entreprise respecte la réglementation en matière d'environnement (utilisation de produits chimiques, gestion des déchets) et de sécurité du personnel.
À noter
Une partie de ces diagnostics doit être réalisée avec des professionnels : des experts-comptables pour valoriser au mieux tous les actifs de l'entreprise et des notaires ou avocats pour en analyser l'aspect juridique.
Une fois les différents diagnostics réalisés, il est nécessaire d'effectuer une synthèse de cette analyse pour dégager :
L'analyse des résultats vous permettra de délivrer au repreneur une information transparente du projet pour le convaincre que le rachat de votre entreprise est une bonne affaire.
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Modifié le 14/11/2023
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